Analysis in epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-and-mouth disease from 2015 through 2018 in a general hospital in Shanghai
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摘要:目的 了解上海某综合医院2015—2018年手足口病的流行病学特征,为防治手足口病提供依据。方法 应用描述性流行病学方法对上海某综合医院2015—2018年网络直报的手足口病进行统计分析。结果 2015—2018年每月均有手足口病发生,发病高峰集中在4—7月,呈现春末夏初高发趋势; 男性发病率高于女性,性别比为1∶0.72(2 238∶1 611); 非上海户籍患儿多于上海户籍患儿,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01); 发病年龄主要为6岁以下,职业分布中以散居儿童和幼托儿童发病居多,分别占61.42%和33.67%, 不同职业发病率差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。结论 手足口病发病具有明显的性别差异和季节特征,男性高于女性,夏季为发病高峰期。医疗卫生部门应以散居儿童和幼托儿童为防控重点,做好手足口病高发期的应急准备和防控工作。Abstract:Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease from 2015 through 2018 in a general hospital in Shanghai, so as to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of hand-foot-mouth disease.Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was performed to analyze the hand-foot-mouth disease reported directly online in a general hospital in Shanghai from 2015 through 2018.Results The occurrence of hand-foot-mouth disease occurred every month from 2015 through 2018, with the peak of the disease concentrating in April to July. The pathogenic features showed a trend of higher incidence in late spring and early summer, in men than women, with a sex ratio of 1 to 0.72 (2 238 to 1 611), larger population of non-Shanghai household registration than Shanghai household registration, the statistically analysis showed significant differences (P < 0.01). The age groups of onset were mainly infants and young children under 6 years old, mounting by residence-scattered (61.42%) and nursery care children(33.67%). The occupational distribution showed a statistically significant difference(P < 0.01).Conclusion Hand-foot-mouth disease has obvious gender differences and seasonal characteristics, showing a higher incidence in men than women, and a peak onset in summer. Residence-scattered and nursery children are the population that should be the focus for prevention and control, and medical and health departments should make emergency preparations to prevent and control the high incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease.
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Keywords:
- hand-foot-mouth disease /
- epidemiology /
- prevention and control /
- peak time of onset
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表 1 2015—2018年上海市某综合医院不同年龄手足口病发病情况
年龄组 2015年(n=976) 2016年(n=1 049) 2017年(n=466) 2018年(n=1 358) 合计[n(%)] 1岁以下 56 58 24 58 196(5.09) 1岁 240 293 114 323 970(25.20) 2岁 189 181 92 301 763(19.82) 3岁 220 216 90 341 867(22.53) 4岁 140 150 75 177 542(14.08) 5岁 63 60 31 74 228(5.92) 6岁及以上 68 91 40 84 283(7.35) 表 2 2015—2018年上海市某医院手足口病病例的户籍分布情况
户籍 2015年(n=976) 2016年(n=1 049) 2017年(n=466) 2018年(n=1 358) 合计[n(%)] 上海户籍 264 300 132 237 933(24.24) 非上海户籍 712 749 334 1 121 2 916(75.76)** 与上海户籍相比, **P < 0.01。 -
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